Date of Presentation
5-4-2023 12:00 AM
College
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine
Poster Abstract
Aim: The scoping review was conducted to review the current knowledge base regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among South Asians in the United States. In addition, the review was meant to identify any gaps in knowledge, specifically about the current care received by South Asians as well as the associated adverse health outcomes.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus was conducted. Key words ""gestational diabetes South Asians in the United States" were used as search terms. Search was restricted to U.S. articles published on or after 01/01/2013 with key words. Articles were screened by 3 reviewers (AD, MS, and GA) at both the title/abstract level and at the full text level. One reviewer (RU) extracted data from the included articles and analyzed them descriptively to map the results.
Results: Data from included articles was categorized as pertaining to prevalence, risk factors, or outcomes. Prevalence: South Asian women were found to have a statistically significant higher risk of having GDM compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women in the United States (p<0.0001). South Asian women living in ethnic enclaves also had higher chances of having GDM compared to those living in other neighborhoods (95% CI). Risk Factors: Among the risk factors associated with GDM, inadequate health insurance and late initiation of prenatal care were highest among Pakistani and Bangladeshi women (p <0.001). Outcomes: South Asian women with a previous history of GDM were found to have a three-fold increase in risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes compared to their non-GDM counterparts (95% CI). Pakistani women with GDM were implicated to have significantly higher odds of having infants that were Smaller for Gestational Age within the 10th percentile compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women, whereas Indian and Bangladeshi women had two times the odds of having a child Small for Gestational Age in the 5th percentile compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women.
Conclusions: Though research supports that South Asian women have the greatest risk of developing GDM compared to any other ethnic group, research is limited on what factors contribute to this disparity and adverse outcomes associated with GDM within the population. GDM in South Asian women in the United States is associated with lower birth weights and a higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need to develop protocols for healthcare providers to improve healthcare for this population and improve healthcare outcomes.
Keywords
Women, Gestational Diabetes, South Asians, United States, Prenatal Care, Health Services Accessibility, Pregnancy Outcome
Disciplines
Health and Medical Administration | Maternal and Child Health | Medicine and Health | Medicine and Health Sciences | Obstetrics and Gynecology | Public Health Education and Promotion | Quality Improvement | Women's Health
Document Type
Poster
Included in
Maternal and Child Health Commons, Medicine and Health Commons, Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons, Public Health Education and Promotion Commons, Quality Improvement Commons, Women's Health Commons
Gestational Diabetes Among the South Asian Diaspora in the United States of America: A Scoping Review
Aim: The scoping review was conducted to review the current knowledge base regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among South Asians in the United States. In addition, the review was meant to identify any gaps in knowledge, specifically about the current care received by South Asians as well as the associated adverse health outcomes.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus was conducted. Key words ""gestational diabetes South Asians in the United States" were used as search terms. Search was restricted to U.S. articles published on or after 01/01/2013 with key words. Articles were screened by 3 reviewers (AD, MS, and GA) at both the title/abstract level and at the full text level. One reviewer (RU) extracted data from the included articles and analyzed them descriptively to map the results.
Results: Data from included articles was categorized as pertaining to prevalence, risk factors, or outcomes. Prevalence: South Asian women were found to have a statistically significant higher risk of having GDM compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women in the United States (p<0.0001). South Asian women living in ethnic enclaves also had higher chances of having GDM compared to those living in other neighborhoods (95% CI). Risk Factors: Among the risk factors associated with GDM, inadequate health insurance and late initiation of prenatal care were highest among Pakistani and Bangladeshi women (p <0.001). Outcomes: South Asian women with a previous history of GDM were found to have a three-fold increase in risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes compared to their non-GDM counterparts (95% CI). Pakistani women with GDM were implicated to have significantly higher odds of having infants that were Smaller for Gestational Age within the 10th percentile compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women, whereas Indian and Bangladeshi women had two times the odds of having a child Small for Gestational Age in the 5th percentile compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasian women.
Conclusions: Though research supports that South Asian women have the greatest risk of developing GDM compared to any other ethnic group, research is limited on what factors contribute to this disparity and adverse outcomes associated with GDM within the population. GDM in South Asian women in the United States is associated with lower birth weights and a higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need to develop protocols for healthcare providers to improve healthcare for this population and improve healthcare outcomes.