Date Approved

7-16-2024

Embargo Period

7-16-2025

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Department

Chemical Engineering

College

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering

Advisor

Giuseppe Palmese. Ph.D.

Committee Member 1

Kenneth K. S. Lau, Ph.D.

Committee Member 2

Samuel E. Lofland, Ph.D.

Committee Member 3

Joseph F. Stanzione, III, Ph.D.

Committee Member 4

Ngon T. Tran, Ph.D.

Keywords

epoxy; fiber-reinforced polymer composites; flame retardant; furan

Subject(s)

Fire-resistant materials

Disciplines

Chemical Engineering | Materials Science and Engineering

Abstract

Fire-retardant chemicals added to epoxy thermosets used as coatings, adhesives, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) negatively impact performance and the environment. This dissertation takes a novel approach to mitigate the flammability of these systems by designing intrinsically fire-resistant epoxies via the incorporation of furan moieties. Glycidyl amines based on furfuryl amine and judiciously selected derivatives of furfuryl amine were synthesized to produce furan-based di-epoxies (FDEs) that were cured by anionic polymerization and with amine curing agents. The furan ring was found to impart additional reactivity for cross-linking and to induce char-forming reactions at higher temperatures. More importantly, the placement of the furan moiety within the network and the degree of substitution of the ring were found to influence thermal decomposition and char formation. Based on these results, a reaction pathway was proposed to explain the thermal decomposition and char formation of furan-containing systems. The decomposition associated with these network attributes was linked to flammability using micro-combustion calorimetry. FRPCs were prepared and tested using cone calorimetry and appropriate ASTM standards to demonstrate the intrinsic fire protection offered by FDEs. The results of this research lay the groundwork for designing furan-based epoxy thermosets with even greater fire protection capability.

Available for download on Wednesday, July 16, 2025

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